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Darul Islam (Indonesia)
Darul Islam (meaning ''House of Islam'' 〔Luthfi Assyaukanie (2009), ''Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia''. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, p. xiv〕) or also well known as DI/TII (Indonesian: ''Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia'', means ''Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia'') and NII (Indonesian: ''Negara Islam Indonesia'', means ''Islamic State of Indonesia'') is an Islamist group in Indonesia that aims for the establishment of an Islamic state of Indonesia. It was started in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias, coordinated by a charismatic radical Muslim politician, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo. The group recognised only ''Shari'a'' as a valid source of law. The movement has produced splinters and offshoots that range from Jemaah Islamiyah to non-violent religious groups.
== Establishment ==
During the Indonesian National Revolution, Kartosoewirjo founded his own band of freedom fighters in West Java, called Hizbullah and Sabilillah. As a protest toward the Renville Agreement signed by Indonesian leaders in 1948, which ceded West Java to the Dutch, Kartosoewirjo proclaimed a ''Darul Islam'' (meaning "Islamic State") in West Java on August 7, 1949. Darul Islam did not disband itself after the transfer of sovereignty in 1949, resulting in a clash with the government of the Indonesian Republic. Rebels in South Sulawesi led by army deserter Abdul Kahar Muzakkar joined the Darul Islam Movement in 1951. On 20 September 1953, Daud Beureu'eh declared that Aceh was part of the Islamic State of Indonesia ''(Negara Islam Indonesia)'' under the leadership of Kartosoewirjo.
The movement flourished in the 1950s due to chronic instability within the central government during the Liberal Democracy Era. In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces where the government only controlled the cities and towns. The movement had 15,000 armed guerillas operating under the banner of ''Tentara Islam Indonesia'' (Indonesian Islamic Army). In that year, Darul Islam agents unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Sukarno by throwing grenades at him during a school function in Cikini, Central Jakarta.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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